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Somatoform pain disorder

Definition

Somatoform pain disorder is persistent and long-term (chronic) pain due to psychological factors.

Alternative Names

Pain disorder

Causes

Pain is one of the most common reasons why people seek medical attention. In somatoform pain disorder, the pain is so severe that it impairs a person's ability to function.

The pain in this condition is thought to be related to psychological factors, such as stress. People with this illness may have other medical problems, but these do not fully explain the pain.

There is a stigma about psychological pain by medical professionals and the general public. Some people do not fully understand the connection between mind and body. They mistakenly believe that psychological pain isn't "real" and should be able to be controlled without medical or mental health treatment.

Symptoms

The main symptom of pain disorder is chronic pain that lasts for several months and limits a person's work, relationships, and other activities.

Exams and Tests

A thorough medical evaluation, including laboratory work, is done to determine possible causes of the pain.

Treatment

Some patients may not believe that their pain is due to psychological factors, and may refuse treatment by a mental health professional. Yet many chronic pain syndromes, including those due to physical problems, can be effectively treated with antidepressants.

Supportive measures such as hot and cold packs, physical therapy, distraction techniques, and massage can also be helpful. Prescription and non-prescription pain medications are usually not effective and can have serious side effects.

Support Groups

People with this disorder may benefit from treatment at pain centers.

Outlook (Prognosis)

The outlook is worse for patients who have had symptoms for a long time. Your outlook will improve if you can start doing your previous activities, even with the pain.

Possible Complications

• Addiction to prescription pain medications (if they are not used correctly)
• Complications from surgery

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Call your health care provider if you or your child experiences chronic pain.

References

DeGruy FV. The somatic patient. In: Rakel RE, ed. Textbook of Family Medicine. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 61.

Purcell TB. Somatoform disorders. In: Marx J, ed. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 6th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier;2006: chap 111.

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