Bacterial Meningitis
Bacterial meningitis is a potentially fatal disease caused by the
bacteria Neisseria meningitidis. The bacteria is passed between
people via respiratory secretions, and can be contracted by kissing or
sharing items that have come in contact with the secretions, such as
utensils, straws, cigarettes, drinking glasses or bottles, or
toothbrushes.
College students, particularly those living in dormitories, are at an
increased risk for bacterial meningitis, because of close living quarters,
and the tendency to share items. Young adults who drink alcohol heavily or
smoke, or who are chronically sleep-deprived or recovering from an illness
are also at an increased risk because their immune systems are
compromised.
Symptoms
The disease is frightening in its speed; symptoms can progress to life
threatening within two days, and sometimes, within a few hours.
- High fever
- Stiff neck
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Discomfort around bright light
- Confusion
- Sleepiness
- Seizures (as the disease progresses)
If you or someone you know notices any of these symptoms and suspects
meningitis, seek medical attention immediately.
Treatment
Bacterial meningitis is treated with antibiotics, and patients often
require hospitalization. Despite antibiotic treatment, 10 to 13 percent of
those who develop an infection will die from the disease. Of the
survivors, 10 percent will suffer long-term disabilities, which may
include amputated limbs, hearing loss or brain damage. Early treatment
dramatically increases the patient's chance of survival.
Reduce Your Risk
Vaccination is the best way to reduce your risk of contracting the
disease. A vaccine that prevent two of the three
major strains of bacterial meningitis is currently available. Proper hand washing
techniques and an awareness of how the disease is contracted can also
reduce the risk.
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