Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair is a procedure used to treat an aneurysm (abnormal enlargement) of the abdominal aorta, which may be performed surgically through an open incision or in a minimally-invasive procedure called endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR).

Amputation is the surgical removal of a leg or arm, or a part of one - such as a toe, finger, foot, or hand - usually as a result of injury, disease, or infection.

Your doctor might order a blood test to find out if you are sick, if your body is responding to an allergy, or if you are at risk for certain health conditions.

Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) may be performed to treat a blockage or narrowing of the carotid arteries, thus improving blood supply to the brain. Carotid artery angioplasty with stenting (CAS) is a procedure currently being used on selected patients who are at high risk for surgery.

A chest X-ray is used to examine the chest and the lungs and other organs and structures located in the chest.

CT/CAT scans are more detailed than standard x-rays and are often used to assess the organs of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems,and esophagus, for injuries, abnormalities, or disease.

CT angiography is a type of medical exam that combines a CT scan with an injection of a special dye to produce pictures of blood vessels and tissues in a part of your body.

When a problem develops with the heart’s rhythm, there may or may not be any symptoms. An electrophysiological study (EP study) is an invasive procedure that tests the heart's electrical system to determine the cause of the dysrhythmia.